Hydrogel Interfaces for Merging Humans and Machines - MIT Research Review

Ana Maria Mihalcea, MD, PhD - Aug 02, 2023 ∙ Paid ∙ Source

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Hydrogel interfaces for merging humans and machines

In this article, MIT researchers are discussing how to fuse humans with machines. I have reported that hydrogel has been found in all humans now, as well as biosensors like Quantum Dot technology. Many people do not want to face the reality that the transhumanist agenda of merging humans with machines has been underway and is currently happening in an advanced stage. The digital ID and surveillance under the skin can be seen in the blood in the form of Quantum Dot technology and hydrogel replacement of blood cells, forming rubbery clots. Nanotechnology can be used as a weapon of mass destruction for depopulation purposes or to create automaton cyborg slaves. Everything described in science and reviewed in this article, is already happening. Please review this very visual review article that clearly outlines that the purpose of hydrogel is to fuse humans with machines. You can see from the tables below that these applications are already commercialized and in current use. Specifically Polyethylene Glycol, which is the lipid nanoparticle technology of the C19 bioweapon and is used as Hydrogel in medications like Insulin is a favorite inorganic hydrogel material to facilitate human-machine fusion.

The last few decades have witnessed unprecedented convergence between humans and machines that closely operate around the human body. Despite these advances, traditional machines made of hard, dry and abiotic materials are substantially dissimilar to soft, wet and living biological tissues. This dissimilarity results in severe limitations for long-term, reliable and highly efficient interfacing between humans and machines. To bridge this gap, hydrogels have emerged as an ideal material candidate for interfacing between humans and machines owing to their mechanical and chemical similarities to biological tissues and the versatility and flexibility in designing their properties.

In addition, taking advantage of their edible, food-like properties and tunable swelling and degradation properties, hydrogels have recently emerged as a promising carrier for ingestible sensors and devices capable of long-term retention and functions in the gastrointestinal tract.

Furthermore, hydrogels with designed mechanical properties and chemical compositions have been shown to substantially enhance the biocompatibility of implantable devices by providing highly lubricious surfaces, reducing biofouling and alleviating foreign-body responses. This enhanced biocompatibility paves the way for various implantable devices to form long-term reliable and functional interfaces with the human body. Despite the great promise and recent advances in hydrogel interfaces, to the best of our knowledge, there is no systematic discussion on hydrogel interfaces for the merging of humans and machines. The literature on hydrogels as scaffolds for tissue engineering carriers for drug delivery and emerging materials for soft machines has been extensively reviewed, but existing reviews usually do not account for the applications of hydrogels as bridging interfaces between humans and machines nor do they provide the requirements or principles for the design of hydrogel interfaces.

Because hydrogels provide robust, biocompatible and tissue-matching adhesive interfaces, a broad range of hydrogels based on synthetic polymers(such as polyethylene glycol) and biopolymers (such as fibrin or gelatin) have been adopted in implantable tissue adhesives for tissue repair and integrated in devices both in academic studies and in clinically approved products.

Hydrogel interfaces have been introduced as adjunct or alternatives to metallic electrodes to provide improved biocompatibility due to their tissue-matching Young’s modulus and lower bending stiffness as well as improved electrical properties resulting from their lower impedance and higher charge injection capacity. Optical interfacing has also been utilized in implantable applications for photomedicine in photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy and photobiomodulation as well as for the modulation of neural activities in optogenetics where optical communication with the target tissue commonly relies on implanted waveguides.

Machines can communicate and interact with electrically active tissues and organs in the human body, such as the brain, nerves, muscles and heart, through hydrogel interfaces functioning in the electrical mode . The electrical mode of hydrogel interfaces can be used in two types of applications based on the direction of electrical communication: from the human body to hydrogel interfaces for electrophysiological recording, and from hydrogel interfaces to the human body for electrophysiological stimulation.

Here all the different ways hydrogels can be controlled via electricity, chemistry, light and other modalities.

Here the mode of fusing human with machine is explained:

Here electrical conductivity is discussed via carbon nanotubes ( aka Graphene Oxide). Tunable means also externally controllable via frequency and can be another word for self learning and self growing as it is known that hydrogels in artificial brain constructions can be programmed with the resonant frequencies of human brain tissue, creating a humanoid robot with consciousness.

Summary:

We live in a very advanced stage of the transhumanist agenda, in which the fusion of humans and machines is happening worldwide. For the non believers and sceptics, it is important to review the mainstream scientific literature and show what is already evident in human blood - and is described in the Presidential Nanotechnology Budget, Army Cyborg Soldier 2050 documents and more.

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